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電鍍層的檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目與檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯總

嘉峪檢測(cè)網(wǎng) 2019-02-25 09:26

鍍層質(zhì)量檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目

1）鍍層的外觀

鍍層的外觀是任一零件、任一鍍種都必須檢查的項(xiàng)目之一。通常，鍍層的外觀是在自然光照下直接用肉眼觀察的。其內(nèi)容包括鍛層的宏觀均勻性、顏色、光亮度、結(jié)晶狀況和宏觀結(jié)合力等。一般來說，鍍層除應(yīng)有其特有的顏色和光澤外，還應(yīng)均勻、細(xì)致、結(jié)合力好，不允許有針孔、條紋、起泡、起皮、毛刺、結(jié)瘤、麻點(diǎn)、燒焦、開裂、剝離、脫落、不正常色澤或漏鍍等。但對(duì)于掛鍍件，一般允許掛鉤處有輕微缺陷。

2）鍍層的厚度

要保證零件的使用性能，零件表面的鍍層必須達(dá)到一定的厚度。常用的鍍層厚度測(cè)量方法包括破壞性和非破壞性兩大類。破壞性測(cè)厚法包括陽極溶解庫侖法、金相法、溶解稱重法、液流法、點(diǎn)滴法等;非破壞性測(cè)厚法包括機(jī)械量具法、磁性法、渦流法、β射線反向散射法、x射線分光法等。采用這些方法測(cè)量鍍層的厚度時(shí)請(qǐng)參照相應(yīng)的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3）鍍層的耐蝕性

評(píng)定鍍層耐蝕性的試驗(yàn)方法主要有兩大類：自然環(huán)境試驗(yàn)和人工加速腐蝕試驗(yàn)。前者包括使用環(huán)境下的現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)和不同氣候條件下的大氣暴露試驗(yàn)，這類方法可真實(shí)地評(píng)定鍍層的耐蝕性，但缺點(diǎn)是周期太長;后者包括中性鹽霧試驗(yàn)(nss）醋酸銅加速試驗(yàn)(cass）、腐蝕膏試驗(yàn)、電解腐蝕試驗(yàn)、工業(yè)性氣體腐蝕試驗(yàn)、濕熱試驗(yàn)等。所有這些耐蝕性試驗(yàn)都有相應(yīng)的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其規(guī)定了試驗(yàn)的條件和評(píng)價(jià)方法。

4）鍍層的結(jié)合力

電鍍層與基體金屬的結(jié)合力(也稱結(jié)合強(qiáng)度)的檢驗(yàn)方法有很多，但都是定性的測(cè)試。常見的鍍層結(jié)合力的測(cè)試方法有摩擦拋光試驗(yàn)、剝離試驗(yàn)、銼刀試驗(yàn)、劃格劃線試驗(yàn)、彎曲試驗(yàn)、熱振試驗(yàn)、深引試驗(yàn)等。不同的方法適用于不同的鍍層，也有不同的評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，具體使用時(shí)可査閱相應(yīng)的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

5）鍍層的化學(xué)分析

根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的特性，電鍍層會(huì)要求檢測(cè)某些物質(zhì)的含量，如RoHS會(huì)要求檢測(cè)鍍層的六價(jià)鉻含量；有的產(chǎn)品會(huì)要求檢測(cè)鍍層中某些物質(zhì)的釋放量，如首飾品中會(huì)要求檢測(cè)鎳的釋放量。

鍍層ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

ISO電鍍圖層和相關(guān)制品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱	內(nèi)容概述
ISO 1456:2009	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
ISO 2081:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel
ISO 2082:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary treatments on iron or steel
ISO 2093:1986	Electroplated coatings of tin -- Specification and test methods
ISO 2179:1986	Electroplated coatings of tin-nickel alloy -- Specification and test methods
ISO 4521:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited silver and silver alloy coatings for engineering purposes -- Specification and test methods
ISO 4524-3:1985	Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 3: Electrographic tests for porosity
ISO 4524-6:1988	Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 6: Determination of the presence of residual salts
ISO 4525:2003	Metallic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium on plastics materials
ISO 4526:2004	Metallic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of nickel for engineering purposes
ISO 4527:2003	Metallic coatings -- Autocatalytic (electroless) nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings -- Specification and test methods
ISO 6158:2011	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited coatings of chromium for engineering purposes
ISO 7587:1986	Electroplated coatings of tin-lead alloys -- Specification and test methods
ISO 9587:2007	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 9588:2007	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 12683:2004	Mechanically deposited coatings of zinc -- Specification and test methods
ISO 12686:1999	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Automated controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to nickel, autocatalytic nickel or chromium plating, or as a final finish
ISO 15726:2009	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron
ISO 17334:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Autocatalytic nickel over autocatalytic copper for electromagnetic shielding
ISO 22778:2006	Metallic coatings -- Physical vapour-deposited coatings of cadmium on iron and steel -- Specification and test methods
ISO 22779:2006	Metallic coatings -- Physical vapour-deposited coatings of aluminium -- Specification and test methods
ISO 27830:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Guidelines for specifying metallic and inorganic coatings
ISO 27831-1:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys
ISO 27831-2:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 2: Non-ferrous metals and alloys
ISO 27874:2008	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings for electrical, electronic and engineering purposes -- Specification and test methods

ISO熱浸鍍涂層相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱	內(nèi)容概述
ISO 1460:1992	Metallic coatings -- Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials -- Gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area
ISO 1461:2009	Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -- Specifications and test methods
ISO 14713-1:2009	Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 1: General principles of design and corrosion resistance
ISO 14713-2:2009	Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
ISO 14713-3:2009	Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 3: Sherardizing
ISO/WD 17668	Sherardizing -- Zinc diffusion coatings on ferrous products -- Specification

ISO鍍層腐蝕性實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱	內(nèi)容概述
ISO 4524-2:2000	Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 2: Mixed flowing gas (MFG) environmental tests
ISO 4536:1985	Metallic and non-organic coatings on metallic substrates -- Saline droplets corrosion test (SD test)
ISO 4538:1978	Metallic coatings -- Thioacetamide corrosion test (TAA test)
ISO 4539:1980	Electrodeposited chromium coatings -- Electrolytic corrosion testing (EC test)
ISO 4541:1978	Metallic and other non-organic coatings -- Corrodkote corrosion test (CORR test)
ISO 4543:1981	Metallic and other non-organic coatings -- General rules for corrosion tests applicable for storage conditions
ISO 6988:1985	Metallic and other non organic coatings -- Sulfur dioxide test with general condensation of moisture
ISO 10289:1999	Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates -- Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests
ISO 10308:2006	Metallic coatings -- Review of porosity tests
ISO 10309:1994	Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Ferroxyl test
ISO 12687:1996	Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Humid sulfur (flowers of sulfur) test
ISO 14647:2000	Metallic coatings -- Determination of porosity in gold coatings on metal substrates -- Nitric acid vapour test
ISO 15720:2001	Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Porosity in gold or palladium coatings on metal substrates by gel-bulk electrography
ISO 15721:2001	Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Porosity in gold or palladium coatings by sulfurous acid/sulfur dioxide vapour
ISO 18332:2007	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Definitions and conventions concerning porosity

ISO化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化鍍層相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱	內(nèi)容概述
ISO 4520:1981	Chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings
ISO 9717:2010	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Phosphate conversion coating of metals
ISO 10546:1993	Chemical conversion coatings -- Rinsed and non-rinsed chromate conversion coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys
ISO 11408:1999	Chemical conversion coatings -- Black oxide coating on iron and steel -- Specification and test methods
ISO 15730:2000	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electropolishing as a means of smoothing and passivating stainless steel
ISO/TR 15922:2011	Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Evaluation of properties of dark-stain phenomenon of chromated coiled or sheet product

我國現(xiàn)有鍍層相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T 20492-2006 鋅―5%鋁―混合稀土合金鍍層鋼絲、鋼絞線

GB/T 9797-2005 金屬覆蓋層鎳+鉻和銅+鎳+鉻電鍍層

GB/T 12600-2005 金屬覆蓋層塑料上鎳+鉻電鍍層

GB/T 5267.1-2002 緊固件電鍍層

GB/T 12599-2002 金屬覆蓋層錫電鍍層技術(shù)規(guī)范和試驗(yàn)方法

GB/T 18213-2000 低頻電纜和電線無鍍層和有鍍層銅導(dǎo)體電阻計(jì)算導(dǎo)則

GB/T 17461-1998 金屬覆蓋層錫-鉛合金電鍍層

GB/T 17462-1998 金屬覆蓋層錫-鎳合金電鍍層

GB/T 12305.6-1997 金屬覆蓋層金和金合金電鍍層的試驗(yàn)方法第六部分:殘留鹽的測(cè)定

GB/T 12307.3-1997 金屬覆蓋層銀和銀合金電鍍層的試驗(yàn)方法第三部分:殘留鹽的測(cè)定

GB/T 15717-1995 真空金屬鍍層厚度測(cè)試方法電阻法

GB/T 13744-1992 磁性和非磁性基體上鎳電鍍層厚度的測(cè)量

GB/T 13322-1991 金屬覆蓋層低氫脆鎘鈦電鍍層

GB/T 12333-1990 金屬覆蓋層工程用銅電鍍層

FZ/T 60012-1993 金屬化紡織品鍍層耐磨牢度的測(cè)定

JB/T 7101-1993 繼電器及其裝置金屬鍍層和化學(xué)處理分類代號(hào)標(biāo)注

JB/T 8426-1996 金屬覆蓋層鎳-磷合金鍍層Ｘ射線衍射試驗(yàn)方法

CB/T 3764-1996 金屬鍍層和化學(xué)覆蓋層厚度系列及質(zhì)量要求

JB/T 5190.1-1991 照相機(jī)械零件表面處理金屬鍍層及化學(xué)處理表示方法

YY 0076-1992 金屬制件的鍍層分類技術(shù)條件

XB/T 903-2002 燒結(jié)釹鐵硼永磁材料表面電鍍層

JB/T 10534-2005 多層鎳鍍層各層厚度和電化學(xué)電位同步測(cè)定法

CJ/T 223-2006 合金鍍層（HA）鋼管及管件

JB/T 10620-2006 金屬覆蓋層銅-錫合金電鍍層

YB/T 5357-2009 鋼絲鍍層鋅或鋅-5%鋁合金

YB/T 4217.1-2010 熱鍍鋅（鋁鋅）鋼板涂鍍層六價(jià)鉻含量的測(cè)定分光光度法

YB/T 4217.2-2010 熱鍍鋅（鋁鋅）鋼板涂鍍層汞含量的測(cè)定冷汞蒸氣原子吸收光譜法

YB/T 4217.3-2010 熱鍍鋅（鋁鋅）鋼板涂鍍層鉛和鎘含量的測(cè)定電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法

YB/T 4222-2010 預(yù)絞式金具用鍍層鋼絲

SN/T 2951-2011 鍍鋅及鍍鋁鋅鋼板鍍層化學(xué)成分分析方法

YB/T 4297-2012 編織漁網(wǎng)用合金鍍層鋼絲

QC/T 625-2013 汽車用涂鍍層和化學(xué)處理層

WJ/T 2710-2014 金-鈷合金鍍層驗(yàn)收規(guī)范

YB/T 4475-2015 鋼板及鋼帶鋅和鋁金屬鍍層分析輝光放電原子發(fā)射光譜法

SJ/T 11104-2016 金電鍍層規(guī)范

SJ/T 11110-2016 銀電鍍層規(guī)范

JB/T 12855-2016 金屬覆蓋層鋅鎳合金電鍍層

JB/T 12857-2016 無六價(jià)鉻電鍍裝飾鍍層工藝規(guī)范

YB/T 4541-2016 建筑工程用鋅-5%鋁-混合稀土合金鍍層鋼絲

YB/T 4542-2016 建筑工程用鋅-5%鋁-混合稀土合金鍍層鋼絞線

YB/T 4543-2016 建筑工程用鋅-5%鋁-混合稀土合金鍍層拉索

JB/T 12962.3-2016 能量色散X射線熒光光譜儀第3部分：鍍層厚度分析儀

SY/T 6478-2017 油管和套管表面鍍層技術(shù)條件

YB/T 4580-2017 鋼芯鋁絞線用鋅-10%鋁-稀土合金鍍層鋼絲

YB/T 4581-2017 鋅-10%鋁-稀土合金鍍層鋼絞線

YB/T 4573-2016 橋梁纜索用鋅-5%鋁-稀土合金鍍層鋼絲

YB/T 4574-2016 高強(qiáng)度低松弛預(yù)應(yīng)力熱鍍鋅-5%鋁-稀土合金鍍層鋼絞線

YB/T 183-2017 稀土鋅鋁合金鍍層鋼絞線

YB/T 184-2017 鋼芯鋁絞線用稀土鋅鋁合金鍍層鋼絲

YB/T 135-2017 鍍銅鋼絲鍍層重量及其組分試驗(yàn)方法

YB/T 4634-2017 連續(xù)熱鍍鋁鋅鎂合金鍍層鋼板及鋼帶

QB/T 2002.1-2018 皮革五金配件電鍍層技術(shù)條件

JB/T 10241-2001 金屬覆蓋層裝飾性多色彩組合電鍍層

DB44/T 166-2003 家用電器產(chǎn)品的電鍍層質(zhì)量等級(jí)及試驗(yàn)方法

DB35/T 1395-2013 水嘴、沖洗閥表面涂鍍層耐腐蝕性能等級(jí)

DB65/T 3596-2014 農(nóng)業(yè)搭架用鍍層鋼絲

來源：嘉峪檢測(cè)網(wǎng)

電鍍層的檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目與檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯總

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