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嘉峪檢測網(wǎng) 2022-09-19 14:07
前言導(dǎo)讀
口腔種植體又稱為牙種植體,還稱為人工牙根。是通過外科手術(shù)的方式將其植入人體缺牙部位的上下頜骨內(nèi),待其手術(shù)傷口愈合后,在其上部安裝修復(fù)假牙的裝置。
根據(jù)第四次全國口腔流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,在青少年中,缺牙率大約為25%;在中年人群中,缺牙率大約為36%;在老年人群體中,86%存在牙缺失。很顯然,種植牙具有廣闊的市場。
據(jù)測算,2027年中國牙種植體行業(yè)市場規(guī)模有望達(dá)到149.4億元,行業(yè)未來幾年市場規(guī)模變動(dòng)情況如下:

來源:智研咨詢
隨著生活水平的提高和人口老齡化程度的加深,我國種植牙需求連續(xù)呈現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)的高速增長,同時(shí)該領(lǐng)域收費(fèi)不規(guī)范、費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)重等問題也日益成為民生痛點(diǎn)之一。9月8日,國家醫(yī)保局發(fā)布了《關(guān)于開展口腔種植醫(yī)療服務(wù)收費(fèi)和耗材價(jià)格專項(xiàng)的通知》,對種植牙的醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格和耗材價(jià)格進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)治理,引發(fā)廣泛熱議。
本文從專利角度為切入點(diǎn),對牙種植體展開分析,以饗讀者。
牙種植體概覽
誠如上文所闡述,口腔種植體又稱為牙種植體,還稱為人工牙根。是通過外科手術(shù)的方式將其植入人體缺牙部位的上下頜骨內(nèi),待其手術(shù)傷口愈合后,在其上部安裝修復(fù)假牙的裝置。
一般情況下,牙種植體由三部分組成:
(1)體部:既種植義齒植入人體組織的部分,是種植體植入人體組織內(nèi)的部分。按其植入部位又分為:A. 植入粘骨膜或 B. 植入軟組織內(nèi)。
(2)頸部,是連接體部與基樁或基臺的部分。
(3)基樁或基臺部,是牙種植體暴露于粘膜外的部分,為其上部結(jié)構(gòu)的人工義齒提供支持、固位和穩(wěn)定作用。

牙種植體組成部分
牙種植體的手術(shù)過程如下所示:

專利分析
需要特別說明的是,對于牙種植體器械,筆者對國內(nèi)外各大廠家均進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研讀和分析,形成了卓有成效的工作成果,基于篇幅原因,本篇文章筆者著重以如下幾個(gè)方面為例,對牙種植體器械相關(guān)專利情況進(jìn)行簡要說明,如若獲知完整牙種植體器械器械專利清單與專利分析可以與筆者取得聯(lián)系,共同交流學(xué)習(xí)。
專利概覽
關(guān)于牙種植體器械的相關(guān)專利概覽,筆者引用學(xué)者Young-Dan Cho等學(xué)者發(fā)表在高水平期刊上的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)-《Patent landscape report on dental implants:A technical analysis》的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。
對于牙種植體器械的專利申請趨勢、專利類型、主要申請地域、重要申請人等主要信息如下圖所示:

對于牙種植體器械的專利發(fā)展階段、有效性專利狀態(tài)、主要技術(shù)受讓人等重要信息如下圖所示:

技術(shù)脈絡(luò)
1952年,瑞典學(xué)者布倫馬克教授試圖將鈦合金的植體植入骨頭中,開啟了牙種植的嶄新篇章。
經(jīng)過十多年的大量基礎(chǔ)研究,1965年,世界上第一顆種植牙的發(fā)源地在瑞典,布倫馬克教授為一名瑞典人Gosta Larssor實(shí)施了世界上第一例種植牙手術(shù),成功應(yīng)用于臨床,這是世界上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。這顆種植牙整整為其服務(wù)了42年,直到2007年他去世時(shí)仍然完好無損。
這次手術(shù)是人類歷史上真正意義上的第一顆種植牙,其采用的技術(shù)也于1968-12-09在瑞典進(jìn)行了專利申請,從此,種植牙器械的專利市場保護(hù)由此正式拉開序幕,具體如下所示:
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公開/公告號 |
SE332486B |
申請日 |
1968-12-09 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Implantable supports for prostheses |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
Heading A5R A device for mounting protheses such as false teeth, on skeleton tissue, comprises at least two interconnectable units, i.e. a fixture unit 10 to be permanently implanted in the tissue and a "distance unit" 22, 24 to which the protheses are attached. The outer surface of the fixture unit 10 is provided with a rough and/or porous surface and holes 12 to permit skeleton tissue to attach to the unit when the unit is located in the skeleton. |
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技術(shù)方案 |
This fixture unit surface may have a screw thread. Two bores 11 and 14 are provided in unit 10, bore 14 being threaded to receive a male thread on the "distance unit". The "distance unit" comprises a sleeve part 22 and fitting bolt part 24 and the latter is provided with a female thread to receive the prothesis. Fixture unit 10 includes a releasable ring 17 provided with a sharp edge 19 at its outer lower side to facilitate grafting to the skeleton. Alternatively an integral flange (35) having an edge (31) may be provided (Fig. 5). A screw 20 is arranged to be temporarily screwed into unit 10 with ring 17 instead of the distance unit, during initial implantation in the skeleton. In an embodiment, a single threaded bore in unit 10 receives a screw (29) which acts on a disk (28) movable to force flanges (27) on the unit 10 outwards, to facilitate bonding to the skeleton. Bolt part 24 of the "distance unit" includes a weakend neck and heat insulating material. The fixture is of plastics material or titanium. |
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相關(guān)附圖 |
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布倫馬克教授的骨結(jié)合理論奠定了現(xiàn)代口種植學(xué)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ),公認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代口腔種植學(xué)之父。
重要技術(shù)載體
根據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國已有多家企業(yè)、多款國產(chǎn)牙種植體產(chǎn)品注冊。具體可參照如下數(shù)據(jù):

不過,目前我國牙種植體企業(yè)起步較晚,牙種植體研制水平與發(fā)達(dá)國家還存在階段性的差距。在國內(nèi)種植體市場,國內(nèi)進(jìn)口品牌占據(jù)了市場大部分規(guī)模,如登士柏西諾德、士卓曼、卡瓦集團(tuán)、諾貝爾、捷邁邦美、奧齒泰等,國產(chǎn)品牌市場占有率相對較少。

參考專利
根據(jù)相關(guān)技術(shù)分解,筆者從牙種植體器械涉及的相關(guān)專利中分別從多個(gè)角度擇機(jī)選擇了若干組專利進(jìn)行了解析,相關(guān)結(jié)果如下:需要特別說明的是,如若獲知完整專利清單與專利分析可以與筆者取得聯(lián)系,共同交流學(xué)習(xí):
1
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公開/公告號 |
US6382975B1 |
申請日 |
2000-06-16 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Manufacturing a dental implant drill guide and a dental implant superstructure |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a dental implant drill guide or drill template which will result in a precise and accurate drill guide for selected drill holes. It is furthermore an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a dental implant superstructure in which information concerning the position of a plurality of dental implants mounted in a jawbone, the gum surface covering the jawbone and the fixed denture shape is all taken into consideration during the specification of the shape of the superstructure before the superstructure is precision made. |
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技術(shù)方案 |
Dental implant drill holes and the shape of a dental implant superstructure are chosen by creating a computer model giving jawbone structural details, gum surface shape information and proposed teeth or dental prosthesis shape information. The computer model shows the bone structure, gum surface and teeth images properly referenced to one another so that implant drill hole position can be selected talking into consideration proper positioning within the bone as well as proper positioning with respect to the dental prosthesis. Similarly, manufacture of the dental implant superstructure used for fixed dental prosthesis or overdentures can be designed based on knowledge of the actual implant position referenced to an image of the gum surface and proposed dental prosthesis. |
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相關(guān)附圖 |
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2
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公開/公告號 |
US5725376A |
申請日 |
1997-02-26 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Methods for manufacturing a dental implant drill guide and a dental implant superstructure |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a dental implant drill guide or drill template which will result in a precise and accurate drill guide for selected drill holes. It is furthermore an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a dental implant superstructure in which information concerning the position of a plurality of dental implants mounted in a jawbone, the gum surface covering the jawbone and the fixed denture shape is all taken into consideration during the specification of the shape of the superstructure before the superstructure is precision made. |
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技術(shù)方案 |
Dental implant drill holes and the shape of a dental implant superstructure are chosen by creating a computer model giving jawbone structural details, gum surface shape information and proposed teeth or dental prosthesis shape information. The computer model shows the bone structure, gum surface and teeth images properly referenced to one another so that implant drill hole positions can be selected taking into consideration proper positioning within the bone as well as proper positioning with respect to the dental prosthesis. Similarly, manufacture of the dental implant superstructure used for fixed dental prosthesis or overdentures can be designed based on knowledge of the actual implant positions referenced to an image of the gum surface and proposed dental prosthesis. |
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相關(guān)附圖 |
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3
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公開/公告號 |
US20190008614A1 |
申請日 |
2017-01-30 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Dental implant, insertion tool for dental implant and combination of dental implant and insertion tool |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
Hence, there remains a need for a dental implant which allows for a reliable and accurate placement and engagement thereof in a jawbone or bone tissue for a wide variety of implant thread angles, in particular, small thread angles. |
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技術(shù)方案 |
A dental implant (1), in particular for insertion into bone tissue of a patient, comprising: a core body (2) having an apical end (4), a coronal end (6), and an outer surface (8) extending along a longitudinal direction between said apical end (4) and said coronal end (6); and at least one thread (12) located on at least a threaded portion of said outer surface (8), should have superior properties regarding primary and secondary stability. According to the invention this is achieved in that the core body (2) comprises a core shaped zone (22), preferably next to said coronal end (6), in which core shaped zone (22) the cross-section of said core body (2) has a number of main directions in which the radius measuring the distance between the center (50) of the cross section and its outer contour takes a relative maximum value and thus a higher value than in neighboring orientations, a core circular zone (20), preferably next to said apical end (4), in which core circular zone (20) the cross-section of said core body (2) is basically circularly shaped, and, as seen in said longitudinal direction, a transition zone (26) positioned between said core shaped zone (22) and said core circular zone (20), in which transition zone (26) the geometry of the cross-section of said core body (2), as a function of a parameter characteristic for a coordinate in said longitudinal direction, changes continuously from a basically circular shape next to said core circular zone (20) to a shape in which the cross-section of said core body (2) corresponds to the shape of the cross section in said core shaped zone (32). The invention further relates to an insertion tool (200) for inserting a dental implant (1, 201, 401) into bone tissue of a patient. Moreover, the invention relates to a combination of such a dental implant (1, 201, 401) and such an insertion tool (200). |
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相關(guān)附圖 |
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結(jié) 語
目前,對于牙種植體器械而言,依然以諾貝爾、登士柏西諾德、士卓曼、奧齒泰等國外企業(yè)為主,上述企業(yè)占據(jù)了國內(nèi)大部分市場(筆者也針對上述巨頭進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的專利分析,感興趣的讀者可以與筆者取得聯(lián)系,一同交流學(xué)習(xí)),不過隨著國內(nèi)重視程度不斷提高的情況下,中國公司蓄勢待發(fā),在一片被普遍看好的市場中開始逐漸占據(jù)市場。
目前,國內(nèi)各大牙種植體器械領(lǐng)域醫(yī)療廠商還會(huì)將諾貝爾、登士柏西諾德、士卓曼等重要競品作為標(biāo)桿和對照,但是隨著各大國內(nèi)廠商聯(lián)動(dòng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研醫(yī)生多方力量,不斷創(chuàng)新,必將推動(dòng)中國牙種植體器械更好的發(fā)展,也會(huì)逐步擺脫國外競品帶來的壓力和技術(shù)障礙,不過,國外巨頭公司和國內(nèi)新興企業(yè)在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面布局更加緊密,牙種植體器械賽道上的各個(gè)國內(nèi)廠商之間的競爭也會(huì)逐漸激烈,屆時(shí)相關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題也必將會(huì)成為各大牙種植體器械廠商的研究重點(diǎn)課題,后續(xù)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的的研發(fā)和專利事務(wù)值得持續(xù)關(guān)注。

來源:醫(yī)械知識產(chǎn)權(quán)