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嘉峪檢測網(wǎng) 2022-10-11 11:02
前言導(dǎo)讀
房顫為一種室上性快速性心律失常,伴有不協(xié)調(diào)的心房電激動和無效的心房收縮。房顫的心電圖特征包括:不規(guī)則的RR間期(當(dāng)房室傳導(dǎo)功能未受損時)、沒有明確重復(fù)的P波和不規(guī)則的心房激動。
經(jīng)體表心電圖記錄到房顫心電圖或單導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電記錄裝置記錄到房顫心電圖且持續(xù)>30s以上可診斷為房顫。
房顫的發(fā)作和維持受到觸發(fā)灶和基質(zhì)的共同影響。有理論認(rèn)為房顫早期由觸發(fā)灶驅(qū)動或者誘發(fā),進(jìn)而引起電重構(gòu)、結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)及神經(jīng)重構(gòu)。而“重構(gòu)”使房顫更趨惡化,并得以持續(xù)發(fā)作。

心房顫動發(fā)生機(jī)制示意圖 來源:中華醫(yī)學(xué)會
導(dǎo)管消融是治療心房顫動(房顫)的一線治療方法。導(dǎo)管消融策略是近年來備受心臟電生理關(guān)注的熱點之一,伴隨著新的消融技術(shù)和器械的應(yīng)用,房顫導(dǎo)管消融療法不斷創(chuàng)新和突破。
絕大部分房顫的發(fā)生與肺靜脈的異常放電有關(guān),因此導(dǎo)管消融治療房顫的主要方法是電學(xué)隔離肺靜脈,脈沖電場消融(PFA)是目前十分火熱的賽道。
脈沖電場消融概覽
脈沖電場消融(PFA)也被稱為不可逆電穿孔,是指在短時間內(nèi)將高電壓電脈沖作用于細(xì)胞膜的磷脂雙分子層,導(dǎo)致跨膜電位形成,產(chǎn)生不穩(wěn)定的電勢。細(xì)胞膜由此形成不可逆的穿透性損傷,產(chǎn)生納米級孔隙,進(jìn)而引起細(xì)胞膜滲透率變化,破壞細(xì)胞內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài),最終導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡,達(dá)到非熱消融的目的。
通過脈沖電場消融,“殺死”肺靜脈的前庭心房肌,使肺靜脈中的電位無法傳出,最終達(dá)到消除房顫。房顫的醫(yī)學(xué)名字叫心房顫動,它是最常見的一個心律失常,一般都是因為心臟里邊的電傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)紊亂而造成的。
與傳統(tǒng)射頻消融方式相比較,脈沖電場消融不需要依賴導(dǎo)管貼靠力便能造成廣泛的心肌損傷。這一點也有利于避免對鄰近的食管、冠狀動脈和膈神經(jīng)等造成損傷。脈沖電場消融速度極快,常以毫秒為單位甚至更小,大大縮短了手術(shù)時間。
脈沖場消融的作用機(jī)制是不可逆電穿孔 (IRE)。與通過局部組織溫度導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡的熱消融不同,脈沖場消融在組織細(xì)胞的特定電閾值之上施加超快速電脈沖,使細(xì)胞膜不穩(wěn)定并形成納米級孔,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)容物排出,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡。

不可逆電穿孔原理圖
PFA市場概覽
根據(jù)弗若斯特沙利文數(shù)據(jù)顯示,中國房顫病人已超過1000萬人,在心臟電生理市場,衛(wèi)健委心律失常介入質(zhì)控中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示:中國心律失?;颊呤褂孟谥委煹氖中g(shù)量從2014年的10.1萬例增長到2018年的15.2萬例,復(fù)合年增長率為10.7%。預(yù)計到2023年,手術(shù)量將達(dá)到33.6萬例,復(fù)合年增長率為17.3%。隨著手術(shù)量的增長,我國心臟電生理行業(yè)市場規(guī)模也已從2014年的11.3億元增長至2018年的33.3億元,復(fù)合年增長率達(dá)到30.9%,并預(yù)計到2023年,市場規(guī)模將達(dá)到123.2億元。
脈沖消融呈高成長性,被認(rèn)為是下一代顛覆性消融技術(shù),脈沖消融的問世給消融賽道帶來了更大的想象空間,新賽道已初步形成。
縱觀整個市場,波科、強(qiáng)生、美敦力等跨國械企均已開始布局相關(guān)產(chǎn)品管線,我國脈沖電場消融行業(yè)雖然處于市場早期,但已有多個企業(yè)爭相布局。例如,德諾電生理、玄宇醫(yī)療、惠泰醫(yī)療、艾科脈、洲瓴、錦江電子、捍宇醫(yī)療等企業(yè)均在近幾年才出現(xiàn)的PFA技術(shù)上有所押注。其中,德諾電生理、錦江電子相關(guān)產(chǎn)品還于今年上半年進(jìn)入了創(chuàng)新醫(yī)療器械特別審查程序,有望緊隨波科、美敦力等巨頭之后上市,大有彎道超車之勢。
值得注意的是意大利電生理器械企業(yè)ElectroPhysiology Frontiers(EPF)推出了一種PFA創(chuàng)新醫(yī)療器械,該器械為一種易于使用的“單次”導(dǎo)管消融系統(tǒng),以提供持久的消融并降低肺靜脈分離(PVI)后心房顫動(AFib)的復(fù)發(fā)率,能夠解決房顫消融導(dǎo)管存在肺靜脈血流阻斷、與肺靜脈前庭貼合性差、消融期間導(dǎo)管移動等問題,備受PFA賽道關(guān)注。本文即以ElectroPhysiology Frontiers為例,對脈沖電場消融器械展開分析。
認(rèn)識EPF消融導(dǎo)管
EPF消融導(dǎo)管是一款射頻消融(RFA)和脈沖場消融(PFA)通用的消融導(dǎo)管。主要是讓其滿足安全有效、易于使用,單次操作,手術(shù)是可以重復(fù)且高效,從而實現(xiàn)持久的消融。
EPF專注于設(shè)計一種安全,高效且易于使用的“單發(fā)”消融導(dǎo)管,以提供耐用和持久的消融病變。與基于球囊的設(shè)計不同,EPF的電極陣列不會阻塞肺靜脈血流或由于組織接觸不良而產(chǎn)生間隙的風(fēng)險。

總結(jié)開來EPF消融導(dǎo)管具有如下優(yōu)勢:

EPF消融導(dǎo)管具有如下特點:
1)用于射頻消融 (RFA) 和脈沖場消融 (PFA) 的設(shè)計
2)可膨脹錨,在消融期間讓消融導(dǎo)管更加穩(wěn)定并改善接觸
3)環(huán)形電極(CLA),圓周線性陣列,具有更好貼壁性能
4)環(huán)形電極(CLA)和可膨脹錨距離可調(diào)
5)采用OTW導(dǎo)管設(shè)計
6)6 個錨、4 個 CLA(圓周線性陣列)和 2 個軸電極的電解剖映射 (EAM) 系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行可視化
專利分析
本文筆者以ElectroPhysiology Frontiers消融導(dǎo)管為主要對象展開分析,如若獲取整個脈沖電場消融賽道相關(guān)專利信息,可與筆者取得聯(lián)系,共同交流學(xué)習(xí)。
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公開/公告號 |
US10980597B2 |
申請日 |
2015-03-18 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Ablation catheter and ablation apparatus |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
According to a particularly advantageous characteristic, the ablation elements, or at least the relative segments, can be selectively activated, as each is connected to its own specific generator, part of the ablation apparatus which also comprises the same catheter of the invention: in this way, the surgeon can advantageously choose which and how many of these to activate for repeating the treatment, which can therefore correspond solely to the areas that have not been sufficiently treated, avoiding re-treating areas of tissue that have already been treated correctly or areas at risk for the patient. In order to allow an optimum control of the energy supplied, according to an independent aspect of the invention, additional conductors are envisaged, which are useful for eliminating eddy currents that may be generated. This feature can be advantageously combined with those of the catheter described herein, thus providing an extremely precise ablation catheter in the treatment. In particular, but not exclusively, the ablation catheter of the invention is advantageously suitable for the ablation of the antrum of pulmonary veins for limiting or eliminating the atrial fibrillation phenomenon, thanks to the interruption in the electric currents induced by the veins themselves.
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技術(shù)方案 |
An ablation catheter equipped with ablation petals having electrodes that are continuous over an outer circumferential portion of the ablation petals. The ablation catheter can be moved from a rest position, where the petals are housed in an external tubular body, to an operating position, where the petals protrude from the external tubular body. |
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2
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公開/公告號 |
US9924994B2 |
申請日 |
2012-11-01 |
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發(fā)明名稱 |
Anchored cardiac ablation catheter |
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解決的技術(shù)問題 |
As a further feature of the apparatus and method, during catheter ablation procedures, Transesophageal Echocardiographic (TEE) Ultrasound is often used as a guidance tool for placing the ablator. The TEE instrument can also include an electrode for the return ablation energy circuit as described above. A minimally invasive device inserted into the esophagus can also contain one or more magnets, in which opposite-pole magnets can be included in the ablator device. Thus the TEE device can include magnets to enhance, or provide, the prime anchoring technique for holding the ablator against the target. |
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技術(shù)方案 |
An apparatus and method for performing cardiac ablations employs a catheter comprising an anchoring device and an ablating device to perform the ablations to electrically isolate the pulmonary veins and left atrium from surrounding atrial tissue. The anchor can comprise a balloon-type device, a stent-like device, a strut-like device, a spring-strut-like device, an umbrella-like device, a mushroom-like device, or other device that allows the catheter to maintain a position with respect to target tissue. The ablator can comprise a balloon ablator, an umbrella ablator, a pinwheel ablator, an umbrella ablator incorporating a cinch mechanism, a mushroom balloon ablator and a segmented balloon or pinwheel ablator. The anchor and ablator can also comprise a combination mushroom balloon anchor section and mushroom balloon ablator section. The anchor and ablator can include electrodes for measuring a conductance therebetween when in deployed position, so as to determine the effectiveness of the ablation. |
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結(jié) 語
誠如領(lǐng)域內(nèi)人士共同認(rèn)識的那樣,脈沖電場消融PFA逐漸贏得市場追捧,站上了細(xì)化發(fā)展的快車道,國內(nèi)各大脈沖電場消融PFA廠商也必會將波科、美敦力、強(qiáng)生等領(lǐng)域內(nèi)大廠作為重要的標(biāo)桿和對照,聯(lián)動產(chǎn)學(xué)研醫(yī)生多方力量,不斷創(chuàng)新,推動我國脈沖電場消融PFA行業(yè)更好更快的發(fā)展,目前我國脈沖電場消融PFA廠商已具有和國外廠商具有齊頭并進(jìn)的趨勢,相關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題也必將會成為各大脈沖電場消融PFA廠商的研究重點課題,后續(xù)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的的研發(fā)和專利事務(wù)值得持續(xù)關(guān)注。

來源:醫(yī)械知識產(chǎn)權(quán)