醫(yī)療器械研發(fā)崗,是一個較源頭(也可稱之為較底層)的崗位,最重要的是產(chǎn)品輸出,因為決定著后續(xù)的工作能否順利開展,如專利分析、產(chǎn)品測試、物料采購、產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量控制、臨床實驗、產(chǎn)品注冊及市場銷售。
如此重要的崗位,需要工程師保持終身成長的思維。
本次分享研發(fā)歷程中常見的術語,當然需要說明的是這些術語來源包括不限于標準、法規(guī)。
研發(fā)相關
1-生命周期life-cycle
在醫(yī)療器械生命中,從初始概念到最終停用和處置的所有階段。
2-UN User Needs 用戶需求
3-設計輸入Design input
means the physical and performance requirements of a device that are used as a basis for device design.
4-Design Process設計過程
5-Design output 設計輸出
means the results of a design effort at each design phase and at the end of the total design effort. The finished design output is the basis for the device master record. The total finished design output consists of the device, its packaging and labeling, and the device master record.
6-設計評審 Design review
means a documented, comprehensive, systematic examination of a design to evaluate the adequacy of the design requirements, to evaluate the capability of the design to meet these requirements, and to identify problems.
7-DMR Device master record產(chǎn)品主文檔
means a compilation of records containing the procedures and specifications for a finished device.
8-DHFDesign history file 設計歷史記錄
means a compilation of records which describes the design history of a finished device.
9-DHR Device history record 產(chǎn)品歷史記錄(批記錄)
means a compilation of records containing the production history of a finished device.
10-EDOs Essential Eesign Outputs
design feature(s) or characteristic(s) of the device that affects its ability to achieve the design input requirements (that is, design output(s) that has a relevant effect on the test results).
11-DOE Design of Experiment 試驗設計
一種安排實驗和分析實驗數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法;試驗設計主要對試驗進行合理安排,以較小的試驗規(guī)模(試驗次數(shù)), 較短的試驗周期和較低的試驗成本,獲得理想的試驗結果以及得出科學的結論
12-驗證 Verification
通過提供客觀證據(jù)對規(guī)定要求已得到滿足的認定。
means confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.
13-設計驗證 Design Verification
Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures for verifying the device design. Design verification shall confirm that the design output meets the design input requirements. The results of the design verification, including identification of the design, method(s), the date, and the individual(s) performing the verification, shall be documented in the DHF.
14-確認 Validation
通過提供客觀證據(jù)對特定的預期用途或者應用要求已得到滿足的認定。
means confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use can be consistently fulfilled.
15-過程確認 Process Validation
means establishing by objective evidence that a process consistently produces a result or product meeting its predetermined specifications.
16-設計確認 Design Validation
means establishing by objective evidence that device specifications conform with user needs and intended use(s).
17-關鍵工序
指對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量起決定性作用的工序。
18-特殊過程
指通過檢驗和試驗難以準確評定其質(zhì)量的過程。
19-Design transfer 設計轉換
20-DC Design Changes 設計變更
21-DCR Design Change Request 設計變更請求
22-ECR Engineering Change Request 工程變更請求
23-CAPA 糾正與預防措施
Corrective Action and Preventive Action
24-糾正 Correction
為消除已發(fā)現(xiàn)的不合格所采取的措施。
Action to eliminate a detected nonconformity.
25-糾正措施 Correction Action
為消除已發(fā)現(xiàn)的不合格或其他不期望情況的原因所采取的措施。
為消除不合格的原因并防止再發(fā)生所采取的措施
Action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity or other undesirable situation.
26-預防措施 Preventive Action
為消除潛在不合格或者趨勢發(fā)生的原因而采取的措施。
為消除潛在不合格或其他潛在不期望情況的原因所采取的措施
Action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or other undesirable situation.
27-風險管理 Risk Management
用于風險分析、評價、控制和監(jiān)視工作的管理方針、程序及其實踐的系統(tǒng)運用。
28-傷害 harm
對人體的操作或對人體健康的損害,或對財產(chǎn)或環(huán)境的損害。
29-危險(源) hazard
可能導致傷害的潛在根源。
30-危險情況 hazardous sutuation
人員、財產(chǎn)或環(huán)境暴露于一個或多個危險(源)中的情形。
31-客觀證據(jù) objective evidence
支持事物存在或其真實性的數(shù)據(jù)。
32-風險 risk
傷害發(fā)生的概率和該傷害嚴重度的組合。
33-風險分析 risk analysis
系統(tǒng)地運用現(xiàn)有信息確定危險(源)和估計風險的過程。
34-風險評定 risk assessment
包括風險分析和風險評價的全過程。
35-風險控制 risk control
作出決策并實施措施,以便降低風險或把風險維持在規(guī)定水平的過程。
36-風險估計 risk estimation
用于對傷害發(fā)生概率和該傷害嚴重度賦值的過程。
37-風險評價 risk evaluation
將估計的風險和給定的風險準則進行比較,以決定風險可接受性的過程。
38-EDOs essential design outputs
design feature(s) or characteristic(s) of the device that affects its ability to achieve the design input requirements (that is, design output(s) that has a relevant effect on the test results).
39-DOE design of experiment 試驗設計
一種安排實驗和分析實驗數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法;試驗設計主要對試驗進行合理安排,以較小的試驗規(guī)模(試驗次數(shù)), 較短的試驗周期和較低的試驗成本,獲得理想的試驗結果以及得出科學的結論
臨床相關
40-申辦者
是指臨床試驗的發(fā)起、管理和提供財務支持的機構或者組織。
41-研究者
是指在臨床試驗機構中負責實施臨床試驗的人。如果在臨床試驗機構中是由一組人員實施試驗的,則研究者是指該組的負責人,也稱主要研究者。
42-倫理委員會
是指臨床試驗機構設置的對醫(yī)療器械臨床試驗項目的科學性和倫理性進行審查的獨立的機構。
43-CRO Contract Research Organization 合同研究組織
合同研究組織,主要生產(chǎn)和輸出CRA,協(xié)助醫(yī)院完成藥物或器械的臨床試驗,主要負責和控制試驗項目的質(zhì)量和促進入組。
44-CRC Clinical Research Coordinator 臨床協(xié)調(diào)員
主要負責協(xié)助研究者(醫(yī)生)完成臨床試驗中的不涉及醫(yī)學判斷的工作,CRC一般是定點某個城市,負責該臨床試驗的一家中心的工作。
站在研究者角度看問題,核心在于溝通情商等基本要素,關注日常藥品管理受試者管理,SAE上報,EDC錄入等。
45-CRA Clinical Research Associate 臨床監(jiān)查員
主要負責臨床試驗過程中的一些工作,CRA需要經(jīng)常出差。
站在申辦方角度看問題,核心在于制定方案,推進項目完成。
Other
常用的幾個GxP
GMP
Good Manufacturing Practice
GCP
Good Clinical Practice
GLP
Good Laboratory Practice
GDP
Good Document Practice
