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嘉峪檢測網(wǎng) 2025-01-16 09:47
2025年1月7日美國FDA發(fā)布的脈搏血氧儀指南草案“Pulse Oximeters for Medical Purposes - Non-Clinical and Clinical Performance Testing, Labeling, and Premarket Submission Recommendations”,在業(yè)界引起了較大的轟動(dòng)。
本篇文章總結(jié)此血氧指南草案中關(guān)于所有血氧儀Labeling都需要滿足的通用要求。
目前適用的2013年的最終血氧指南對所有血氧儀的labeling是統(tǒng)一的要求,但是在此次發(fā)布的新血氧指南草案中,將血氧儀Labeling的要求按照以下產(chǎn)品類型進(jìn)行區(qū)分:
· 所有脈搏血氧儀;
· 處方脈搏血氧儀;
· OTC脈搏血氧儀;
· 之前通過510(k)審核的脈搏血氧儀。
1、所有脈搏血氧儀的標(biāo)簽都需滿足的要求
對于所有處方和OTC脈搏血氧儀,F(xiàn)DA建議滿足以下要求:
1) 對于包裝標(biāo)簽,包括以下兩則聲明:
①用于醫(yī)療目的的顯著聲明;
②已確認(rèn)的無差異性能的聲明,如"This pulse oximeter has been evaluated to perform comparably across groups of individuals with a wide variety of skin tones based on [details provided consistent with the study conducted]."
2) 對于說明書,包括以下信息:
① 無差異性能的聲明,要求同包裝標(biāo)簽;
② 使用適應(yīng)癥;
包括器械預(yù)期的所有條件、用途,或使用相關(guān)的聲明,如:
* for use as a stand-alone device or a multi-parameter module;
* for use in spot-checking, continuous real-time monitoring or continuous data archiving;
* for prescription or OTC use;
* for use in specific patient population(s);
* for low perfusion conditions;
* for in motion conditions (e.g., walking, fidgeting);
* for single use or multi-use;
* for out-of-hospital transport; and/or
* for home use.
③ 設(shè)備描述
FDA建議附上脈搏血氧儀的描述,以識(shí)別重要信息,例如:
* 器械如何實(shí)現(xiàn)其預(yù)期用途的科學(xué)原理(如功能性氧飽和度);
* 傳感器配置/幾何形狀(例如,反射率vs.透射率);
* 推薦的應(yīng)用位置和相關(guān)解剖尺寸;
* 設(shè)計(jì)特征(如功能、警報(bào));
* 所有患者接口附件(例如,患者電纜、延長電纜、傳感器、繃帶);
* 器械和附件是否無菌提供;
* 器械是否為再加工的一次性器械;
* 為用戶提供的用于評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的輸出描述,包括精確脈搏血氧儀性能的百分比調(diào)制范圍(信號(hào)質(zhì)量指標(biāo));以及
* 器械設(shè)置和操作信息。
④ 警告信息
FDA建議制造商在使用說明中突出顯示適當(dāng)?shù)木妫f明如何避免已知的危險(xiǎn)和/或了解與使用脈搏血氧儀相關(guān)的某些相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或安全信息。我們認(rèn)為此類警告應(yīng)告知患者/使用者已知的危險(xiǎn)和其他相關(guān)信息,例如:
•Only a health care provider can diagnose medical conditions;
• Reliance solely on a pulse oximeter to detect health conditions or blood oxygen levels may delay seeking and receiving of appropriate and timely medical attention;
•Pay attention to other signs or symptoms of low oxygen levels;
•Initiating or increasing therapy due to pulse oximeter readings without consulting a health care provider is not intended and may lead to harm;
•Pulse oximeters may not accurately estimate blood oxygenation and there is a range of uncertainty about the displayed SpO2 value as to the true blood oxygenation level. SpO2
error may increase with decreasing true blood oxygenation level;
•Differences in skin pigmentation may cause differences in pulse oximeter sensor performance and thereby impact SpO2 readings, especially in very low oxygen levels;
•Trends in measurement may be more meaningful than one single measurement;
•Not all blood oxygenation values have been verified with clinical performance testing; see overview of performance studies for range of SaO2 values tested for this device;
•Environmental and physiologic conditions may contribute to poor pulse oximeter performance or adverse events;
•Continuous use longer than recommended in the labeling may incur patient injury;
•Continuous sensor wear that restrict movement(s) may interfere with normal activity and age-appropriate development (e.g., turning over, crawling, standing, walking, playing);
•Alarms or alerts may interfere with sleep stages of user and caregiver(s).
更多警告相關(guān)的信息,請見此指南中的附錄A。
⑤ 預(yù)防措施
建議制造商在使用說明中突出顯示關(guān)于在患者身上使用該設(shè)備的適當(dāng)注意事項(xiàng),包括患有以下疾病的患者:
* 對患者接觸的材料過敏;和
* 傳感器應(yīng)用部位的皮膚完整性差。
⑥ 用法說明
FDA建議制造商提供清晰簡單的使用說明書,以確保用戶了解如何最好地應(yīng)用脈搏血氧儀傳感器,以安全有效地使用設(shè)備。FDA建議說明書能解決以下問題的相關(guān)信息:
* 優(yōu)化氧飽和度測量的說明應(yīng)考慮最佳位置(如解剖位置和幾何形狀)、條件和穩(wěn)定的SpO2值(如有);
* 關(guān)于如何評(píng)估/使用信號(hào)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)(如調(diào)制百分比)和理解波形(如有)的說明;
* 對于準(zhǔn)確的SpO2和脈率值,考慮信號(hào)不足的說明(例如,由于信號(hào)強(qiáng)度低、讀數(shù)不穩(wěn)定);
* 考慮百分比調(diào)制范圍(如有),以及提高百分比調(diào)制以實(shí)現(xiàn)精確脈搏血氧計(jì)性能的方法;
* 皮膚完整性應(yīng)用部位檢查頻率的說明;
* 傳感器重新定位到不同測量位置的頻率說明;以及
* 設(shè)備服務(wù)和維護(hù)信息,包括可重復(fù)使用的脈搏血氧儀和附件的清潔和消毒說明。
該指南附錄A中提供了可能包含的使用說明書內(nèi)容示例。
⑦ MR安全信息
建議參考FDA磁共振環(huán)境中醫(yī)療器械安全測試和標(biāo)簽指南,并使用ASTM F2503標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的術(shù)語和符號(hào)。

來源:醫(yī)療器械法規(guī)資訊