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Harnessing HACCP for Aseptic Filling

使用HACCP進行無菌分裝

 

Strengthening Contamination Control Strategy under EU GMP Annex 1

EU GMP 附錄 1 下的污染控制策略

 

HACCP has proven especially valuable during drug product development for determining critical process parameters (CPPs) that influence critical quality attributes (CQAs). In this article, however, the focus will be on the usability of HACCP in managing microbial and particulate contamination risks specific to aseptic filling, and how it complements a facility-wide CCS.

在藥品開發(fā)過程中，HACCP 在確定影響關鍵質量屬性（CQAs）的關鍵工藝參數（CPPs）方面已被證明具有特別重要的價值。然而，本文的重點將放在 HACCP 在管理無菌分裝特有的微生物和微粒污染風險方面的實用性，以及它如何補充整個設施的污染控制策略（CCS）。

 

HACCP Principles in Aseptic Filling Context

無菌分裝環(huán)境中的 HACCP 原則

 

When we apply the HACCP principles to the aseptic filling process, we can systematically identify contamination risks and establish robust controls. Table 1 shows a contextual breakdown of each HACCP principle as it applies to aseptic operations:

將 HACCP 原則應用于無菌分裝過程時，我們能夠系統性地識別污染風險并建立完善的控制措施。

 

Table 1 Application of HACCP Principles to Aseptic Filling Operations

表 1 按場景詳細列出了每項 HACCP 原則在無菌操作中的具體應用：

 

Sl.No. 序號	HACCP Principle 危害分析與關鍵控制點（HACCP）原則	Application to    Aseptic Filling 在無菌罐裝的應用
1	Hazard Analysis 危害分析	Identifying microbial and   particulate contamination risks across man and material movement, equipment   setup, operator interventions and process execution 識別人流物流、設備設置、操作人員干預和工藝執(zhí)行過程中的微生物和顆粒污染風險
2	Identify CCPs 確定關鍵控制點	Pinpointing stages like   filtration, sterile assembly, Grade A airflow maintenance, and media fills 確定過濾、無菌組裝、A 級氣流維持和培養(yǎng)基分裝等階段
3	Critical Limits 關鍵限值	Defining acceptable thresholds   (e.g., Air flow/change rates, no microbial growth in Grade A, other viable   and NVPC limits, PUPSIT integrity pass, air pressure limits etc.) 定義可接受的閾值（例如，氣流 / 換氣率、A 級區(qū)域無微生物生長、其他存活和非存活粒子計數限值、人員與產品表面接觸完整性通過、氣壓限值等）
4	Monitoring Procedures 監(jiān)測程序	Real-time particle counts, EM,   aseptic behavioral audits, APS outcomes 實時顆粒計數、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、無菌操作行為審核、空氣粒子監(jiān)測結果
5	Corrective Actions 糾正措施	Predefined actions for deviations   (e.g., line stop, root cause analysis, impact assessment) 針對偏差的預定義措施（例如，生產線停止、根本原因分析、影響評估）
6	Verification Activities 驗證活動	Trending of EM, integrity test   logs, media fill success rates, intervention logs and trending etc. 環(huán)境監(jiān)測趨勢、完整性測試日志、培養(yǎng)基分裝成功率、干預日志及趨勢等
7	Documentation 文件記錄	Batch records, deviation logs, and   CCS dashboards 批記錄、偏差日志和潔凈室CCS儀表板

 

Hazard Analysis for Aseptic Filling

無菌分裝的危害分析

 

Table 2 summarizes key microbial, endotoxin and particulate risks identified via HACCP analysis in aseptic filling, aligned with CCS for proactive control.

表 2 總結了通過 HACCP 分析在無菌分裝中識別出的關鍵微生物、內毒素和微粒風險，這些風險與污染控制策略（CCS）相契合，旨在實現前瞻性控制。

 

Table 2 HACCP-Based Hazard Analysis of Aseptic Filling Process Steps

表 2 ：基于危害分析關鍵控制點（HACCP）的無菌分裝工藝步驟危害分析

 

Process Step 流程步驟	Potential    Contamination Risk 潛在污染風險	Risk Type 風險類型	Hazard Source 危害來源
Personnel Gowning 人員著裝	Shedding of skin flora, incorrect   gowning technique 皮膚菌群脫落、著裝技術不正確	Microbial 微生物	Operators and samplers 操作人員和采樣人員
Entry to Filling Room 進入分裝間	Transfer of non-sterile components 轉移非無菌組件	Microbial/Particulate 微生物 / 顆粒	Materials, equipment 物料、設備
Equipment Setup 設備設置	Use of unclean or misassembled tools,   connectors 使用不干凈或組裝錯誤的工具	Microbial 微生物	Cleaning/disinfection gaps 清潔 / 消毒環(huán)節(jié)缺陷
Glove Port (RABS/Isolator) 手套口（限制進入屏障系統 / 隔離器）	Undetected glove pinholes or tears   before or after use 使用前后手套針孔或撕裂未被檢測到	Microbial 微生物	Glove degradation, testing omission 手套老化、檢測遺漏
Aseptic Interventions 無菌操作	Glove integrity breach, poor   aseptic technique 無菌完整性破壞、無菌技術差	Microbial 微生物	Operator/samplers 操作人員 / 采樣人員
Grade A Airflow A 級氣流	Air turbulence, loss of   unidirectional flow, HEPA leak 氣流紊亂、高效空氣過濾器功能喪失、泄漏	Microbial/Particulate 微生物 / 顆粒	HEPA system failure 高效空氣過濾系統故障
Sterile Filtration 無菌過濾	Filter integrity failure 過濾器完整性失效	Microbial 微生物	Damaged or unverified filters 損壞或未經驗證的過濾器
Filling Needle 分裝針頭	Improper assembly or contact contamination 組裝不當或接觸污染	Microbial 微生物	Human error, vibration 人為失誤、振動
Stoppering 壓塞	Particle generation from component   movement 組件移動產生顆粒污染	Particulate 顆粒	Rubber particles, static   electricity 橡膠顆粒、靜電
Vial Closures 西林瓶封口	Particulate contamination during   feeding 封口過程中的顆粒污染	Particulate 顆粒	Component transport 組件運輸
Primary Packaging Material Feeding 內包材進料	Introduction of contaminated or   non-sterile packaging materials 引入受污染或未滅菌的包裝材料	Microbial/Particulate 微生物 / 顆粒	Improper sterilization, handling,   or transfer 滅菌、處理或轉移不當
Container/Vial Washing &   Depyrogen Ation 容器 / 西林瓶清洗與去熱原	Introduction of particulates or   endotoxins pre-filling 分裝前存在顆粒、微生物或內毒素	Particulate/Microbial/Endotoxin 顆粒 / 微生物 / 內毒素	Faulty washer/depyro tunnel,   improper loading 清洗機 / 去熱原隧道故障、裝載不當
Hold Time 保持時間	Product degradation or microbial   ingress due to extended hold 因溫度 / 時間偏差導致產品降解或微生物滋生	Microbial 微生物	Temperature/time deviation 溫度 / 時間偏差
Environmental Conditions 環(huán)境條件	Excursions in viable or non-viable   particle levels 活菌或非活菌顆粒水平波動	Microbial/Particulate 微生物 / 顆粒	Poor cleaning/disinfection, HVAC   lapse 清潔 / 消毒不足、暖通空調系統故障
Utilities (WFI, Steam, Compressed   Air) 公用設施（注射用水、壓縮空氣、蒸汽）	Introduction of biofilm,   particulates or endotoxins through critical utilities 通過關鍵公用設施邊界的生物膜、顆?；騼榷舅?/span>	Microbial/Endotoxin/Particulate 微生物 / 內毒素 / 顆粒	Inadequate system maintenance and   monitoring 基礎設施系統維護和監(jiān)測不當
Waste Removal 廢棄物處理	Breach of sterile boundaries or   backflow of contaminated air 無菌邊界破壞或氣流回流	Microbial/Particulate 微生物 / 顆粒	Improper waste handling procedures 廢棄物處理程序不當

 

The list of critical contamination risks and control points may vary depending on the type of filling machine (e.g., RABS vs. isolator) and the specific operation design. A tailored HACCP analysis should always be conducted based on process-specific configurations and risk profiles.

關鍵污染風險和控制點的清單可能會因分裝機類型（例如，限制進入屏障系統與隔離器）以及具體操作設計的不同而有所差異。應始終根據特定工藝的配置和風險概況，開展量身定制的HACCP分析。

 

Critical Control Points Supporting CCS in Aseptic Filling

無菌分裝中支持污染控制策略（CCS）的關鍵控制點

 

A well-structured HACCP analysis identifies critical control points (CCPs) aligned with key contamination vectors in the CCS—such as personnel, air, materials, equipment, utilities and surfaces. Table 3 below maps CCPs to these vectors, associated barriers and control measures, supporting effective CCS implementation and lifecycle management.

結構完善的HACCP分析所識別出的關鍵控制點（CCPs），與污染控制策略中人員、空氣、物料、設備、公用設施和表面等關鍵污染傳播途徑相契合。下表3將關鍵控制點與這些傳播途徑、相關屏障及控制措施相對應，為污染控制策略的有效實施和生命周期管理提供支持。

 

Table 3 Key CCPs and their role in preventing contamination during aseptic filling

表3：關鍵潔凈控制程序及其在無菌分裝過程中防止污染的作用

 

CCP 關鍵潔凈工藝參數	Contamination Vector 污染途徑	CCS Barrier 潔凈室控制措施（CCS）屏障	Example Controls 示例控制措施
CCP1: Personnel Entry   & Gowning CCP1：人員進入與更衣	Human shedding (skin flora) 人體皮屑（皮膚菌群）	Procedural 程序控制	Gowning qualification, aseptic behavior training,   behavior audits, glove testing 更衣資質認證、無菌操作行為培訓、行為審核、手套測試
CCP2: Entry of   Materials & Equipment CCP2：物料與設備進入	Non-sterile items 非無菌物品	Technical/Procedural 技術 / 程序控制	Transfer disinfection SOPs, material airlocks,   validated sanitization methods 轉移消毒標準操作程序（SOP）、物料氣鎖、經驗證的消毒方法
CCP3: Equipment Setup   & Assembly CCP3：設備設置與組裝	Dirty/misaligned tools 臟污 / 未滅菌工具	Procedural 程序控制	Validated cleaning/disinfection, aseptic assembly   protocols, equipment logs 經驗證的組裝消毒程序、無菌組裝規(guī)程、設備清潔
CCP4: RABS/Isolator   Glove Integrity CCP4：隔離器 / 限制進入屏障系統（RABS）手套完整性	Glove breaches 手套破損	Technical 技術控制	Glove leak tests (pre/post-use), routine integrity checks,   glove change procedures 手套泄漏測試（前后、常規(guī)）、手套完整性檢查、手套更換程序
CCP5: Aseptic   Interventions CCP5:無菌干預	Direct contamination 直接污染	Procedural 程序控制	Aseptic Process Simulation (APS), intervention   training, video review of behavior 無菌工藝模擬（APS）干預培訓、視頻回顧行為
CCP6: Grade A Airflow   Integrity CCP6:A 級氣流完整性	Airborne particulates/microbes 空氣中的顆粒 / 微生物	Technical 技術控制	Smoke studies, pressure differentials, unidirectional   airflow verification, alarms 煙霧測試、壓差、氣流方向驗證、氣流異常警報
CCP7: Sterile Filtration   & PUPSIT CCP7:無菌過濾與除菌	Filter failure 過濾器故障	Technical 技術控制	Pre-/post-use integrity testing, validated   sterilizing-grade filters 過濾器前后完整性測試、使用經滅菌的過濾器
CCP8: Filling Needle   Handling CCP8:分裝針頭處理	Touch contamination 接觸污染	Procedural 程序控制	Assembly SOPs, visual checks, pre-use cleaning,   vibration isolation 組裝標準操作程序、目視檢查、預使用清潔、振動驗證
CCP9: Component   Transfer & Feeding CCP9:組件轉移與送料	Contaminated closures/stoppers 受污染的瓶蓋 / 塞子	Technical 技術控制	Sterilization validation, sterile packaging, environmental monitoring during transfer 滅菌隔離、無菌包裝、轉移過程中的環(huán)境監(jiān)測
CCP10: Environmental   Monitoring (EM) CCP10：環(huán)境監(jiān)測（EM）	Air/surface contamination 空氣 / 表面污染	Monitoring 監(jiān)測控制	Real-time viable and non-viable particle monitoring,   swab/contact plates 實時監(jiān)測活性和非活性顆粒、擦拭接觸平板
CCP11: Primary   Packaging Material Feeding CCP11：內包裝材料送料	Contaminated vials, syringes 受污染的小瓶、注射器	Technical 技術控制	Sterile transfer systems, supplier qualification,   material traceability 無菌轉移系統、供應商資質認證、物料追溯
CCP12: Vial Washing   & Depyrogenation CCP12：洗瓶與去熱原	Endotoxin or particulate risk 內毒素或顆粒風險	Technical 技術控制	Tunnel performance verification, endotoxin challenge   studies, temp/time monitoring 隧道性能驗證、內毒素挑戰(zhàn)測試、溫度時間監(jiān)測
CCP13: Hold Time Control CCP13：保持時間控制	Microbial ingress 微生物侵入	Procedural 程序控制	Time/temp limits, hold time justification, deviation   tracking 時間 / 溫度限制、保持時間驗證、偏差跟蹤
CCP14: Utility Supply   (WFI, steam, gases) CCP14：公用設施供應（注射用水、蒸汽、氣體）	Biofilm/particulate contamination 生物膜 / 顆粒污染	Technical 技術控制	Sterile filters, utility monitoring, sanitization and   maintenance procedures 無菌過濾器、設施監(jiān)測程序和維護
CCP15: Cleaning &   Disinfection of Surfaces CCP15：表面清潔與消毒	Surface microbial risk 表面微生物風險	Procedural 程序控制	Disinfection rotation plans, residue checks, visual   inspections 消毒輪換計劃、殘留檢查、目視檢查
CCP16: Waste Removal   & Segregation CCP16：廢棄物移除	Backflow, exposure 回流、暴露	Procedural/Technical 程序控制/技術控制	Closed waste systems, one-way transfer protocols,   pressure zoning 封閉廢棄物系統、預真空轉移規(guī)程、廢棄物分區(qū)

 

HACCP-Driven Monitoring and Verification Plan

由 HACCP 驅動的監(jiān)控與驗證計劃

 

Each CCP identified in the aseptic filling process must be actively monitored using defined CCS-aligned performance indicators. These metrics are linked to the pharmaceutical quality system (PQS) and form the basis for ongoing process verification, deviation response and lifecycle contamination control.

在無菌分裝過程中識別出的每個關鍵控制點（CCP）都必須采用與污染控制策略（CCS）相符的既定性能指標進行主動監(jiān)控。這些指標與藥品質量體系（PQS）相關聯，構成了持續(xù)過程驗證、偏差響應和全生命周期污染控制的基礎。

 

Below is an outline of monitoring and verification activities per contamination vector and CCP group:

以下是按污染傳播途徑和關鍵控制點組劃分的監(jiān)控與驗證活動概述：

 

Personnel Controls: Gowning qualification records, glove integrity test logs, aseptic behavior observation reports and video monitoring of interventions.

人員控制：更衣資質記錄、手套完整性測試日志、無菌操作行為觀察報告以及干預措施的視頻監(jiān)控。

 

Air & Environmental Controls: Continuous viable and non-viable particle monitoring in Grade A/B areas, HVAC pressure differential alarms, airflow velocity checks and smoke visualization studies.

空氣與環(huán)境控制：對A級/B級區(qū)域進行持續(xù)的活微生物和非活微粒監(jiān)測、HVAC 壓差警報、氣流速度檢查以及煙霧可視化研究。

 

Filtration Systems: Documentation of pre- and post-use filter integrity testing (PUPSIT), pressure drop trend analysis and validated sterilizing-grade filter certification.

過濾系統：使用前滅菌后過濾器完整性測試（PUPSIT）文檔、壓降趨勢分析以及已驗證的除菌級過濾器認證。

 

Aseptic Interventions & Isolator/RABS Use: Aseptic Process Simulation (APS) data, intervention frequency and type logs, and glove port integrity testing before/after operations.

滅菌干預及隔離器/限制進入屏障系統（RABS）的使用：無菌工藝模擬（APS）數據、干預頻率和類型日志，以及操作前后的手套端口完整性測試。

 

Equipment and Surface Sanitation: Swab/contact plate environmental monitoring (EM), visual inspection checklists, ATP-based rapid cleanliness assays and residue tests following disinfection.

設備與表面衛(wèi)生：擦拭/接觸碟環(huán)境監(jiān)測（EM）、目視檢查清單、基于ATP的快速潔凈度檢測以及消毒后的殘留物測試。

 

Material Transfer and Packaging Control: Component traceability logs, validated decontamination procedures, packaging sterilization certificates and post-transfer EM verification.

物料轉移與包裝控制：組件可追溯性日志、經過驗證的去污程序、包裝滅菌證書以及轉移后的環(huán)境監(jiān)測驗證。

 

Utility Systems (WFI, Steam, Gases): Utility microbiological monitoring, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and conductivity testing, endotoxin levels (LAL tests) and maintenance/sanitization logs.

公用設施系統（注射用水、蒸汽、氣體）：公用設施微生物監(jiān)測、總有機碳（TOC）和電導率測試、內毒素水平（LAL測試）以及維護/消毒日志。

 

Waste Management Controls: Closed waste container validation, pressure cascade mapping for waste zones and waste flow process audits.

廢棄物管理控制：封閉式廢棄物容器驗證、廢棄物區(qū)域的壓力梯度測繪以及廢棄物流程審計。

 

Corrective and Preventive Actions

糾正與預防措施

 

An effective HACCP-based contamination control system requires a strong CAPA program. In aseptic filling, corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) should be triggered by deviations at identified CCPs—such as microbial recovery in Grade A, filtration failure or glove breach—to ensure timely corrective actions.

一個有效的基于HACCP的污染控制系統需要強有力的糾正與預防措施（CAPA）計劃。在無菌分裝中，當已識別的關鍵控制點出現偏差（如A級區(qū)域檢出微生物、過濾失敗或手套破損）時，應啟動糾正與預防措施，以確保及時采取糾正行動。

 

Corrective actions address the immediate issue and typically include:

糾正措施用于解決即時問題，通常包括：

 

Placing impacted batches on hold to prevent release.

對受影響的批次實施暫存，防止其放行。

 

Stopping the aseptic line to prevent further risk.

停止無菌生產線，以避免進一步的風險。

 

Conducting root cause investigations using structured tools such as fishbone analysis, 5 Whys, or fault tree analysis.

使用魚骨圖分析、5Why 分析或故障樹分析等結構化工具進行根本原因調查。

 

Performing impact assessment to evaluate potential effects on product quality and patient safety.

開展影響評估，以評估對產品質量和患者安全的潛在影響。

 

Retesting, requalification, or reprocessing (as applicable) of the affected material, equipment, or environment.

對受影響的物料、設備或環(huán)境進行重新測試、再確認或再加工（如適用）。

 

Preventive actions focus on addressing systemic vulnerabilities to avoid recurrence and may involve:

預防措施側重于解決系統性漏洞以避免問題再次發(fā)生，可能包括：

 

Updating standard operations and procedures (SOPs) and aseptic techniques based on lessons learned.

根據經驗教訓更新標準操作程序（SOPs）和無菌技術。

 

Re-training personnel involved in the deviation or across the relevant functional teams.

對涉及偏差的人員或相關職能團隊進行再培訓。

 

Enhancing cleaning and disinfection procedures, environmental monitoring frequency or intervention limits.

加強清潔和消毒程序、提高環(huán)境監(jiān)測頻率或調整干預限制。

 

Modifying equipment or facility design (e.g., improved airflow verification, HEPA filter upgrades).

修改設備或設施設計（如改進氣流流形驗證、升級 HEPA過濾器）。

 

Revising risk assessments (e.g., HACCP and/or others risk assessment tools) and updating the CCS documentation accordingly.

修訂風險評估（如HACCP和/或其他風險評估工具）并相應更新污染控制策略（CCS）文件。

 

To ensure CAPA effectiveness, follow-up verification must be performed. This includes:

為確保糾正與預防措施的有效性，必須進行后續(xù)驗證。這包括：

 

Tracking implementation timelines and responsibilities.

跟蹤實施時間表和責任分工。

 

Monitoring trends in deviations, interventions or contamination rates to assess sustained improvement.

監(jiān)控偏差、干預或污染率的趨勢，以評估持續(xù)改進情況。

 

Conducting CAPA effectiveness checks to verify the long-term success of the corrective and preventive actions.

進行糾正與預防措施有效性檢查，以驗證糾正和預防行動的長期成效。

 

Linking CAPA outcomes to HACCP and CCS indicators drives continuous improvement, ensures compliance with EU GMP Annex 1 and ICH Q10, and strengthens sterility assurance in aseptic filling.

將糾正與預防措施的結果與HACCP和污染控制策略（CCS）指標相結合，可推動持續(xù)改進，確保符合GMP要求，并加強無菌分裝中的無菌保證。

 

Contribution to Contamination Control Strategy

對污染控制策略（CCS）的貢獻

 

The implementation of HACCP within the aseptic filling process could serve as a cornerstone of a well-structured CCS, offering a consistent and proactive methodology for risk identification, control, and verification. Key contributions include:

在無菌分裝過程中實施HACCP可作為結構完善的污染控制策略（CCS）的基石，為風險識別、控制和驗證提供一致且前瞻性的方法。其主要貢獻包括：

 

Comprehensive Risk Mapping: Clearly defines contamination vectors (e.g., human, air, surface, material, utilities) and links them to specific operational hazards and controls.

全面的風險圖譜：清晰界定污染傳播途徑（如人員、空氣、表面、物料、公用設施），并將其與特定的操作危害和控制措施相關聯。

 

Systematic CCP Identification: Enables the designation of measurable and auditable control points aligned with CCS lifecycle expectations, per Public Health Services & Solutions and Annex 1 guidance.

系統性的關鍵控制點（CCP）識別：根據公共衛(wèi)生服務與解決方案以及GMP的指導，確定與污染控制策略（CCS）生命周期預期相符的可測量且可審計的控制點。

 

Support for Zoning and EM Strategy: Justifies environmental monitoring frequencies, locations and alert/action limits based on identified contamination risks and their criticality.

支持分區(qū)和環(huán)境監(jiān)測（EM）策略：根據已識別的污染風險及其重要性，確定環(huán)境監(jiān)測的頻率、位置以及警戒 / 行動限度。

 

Integration with Quality Risk Management and Pharmacy Quality Solutions: Facilitates structured deviation handling, root cause investigation and trending, allowing data-driven decision-making and continual improvement.

與質量風險管理和藥品質量解決方案相整合：促進結構化的偏差處理、根本原因調查和趨勢分析，支持基于數據的決策制定和持續(xù)改進。

 

Cross-Functional Engagement: Promotes shared ownership of contamination control between quality assurance, operations, engineering, microbiology and validation teams using a common risk language.

跨職能參與：通過通用的風險語言，促進質量保證、運營、工程、微生物學和驗證團隊對污染控制的共同責任。

 

By aligning HACCP outputs with CCS design and performance verification, the facility ensures a holistic contamination control lifecycle from design qualification through routine operation and periodic review.

通過使 HACCP 的輸出與污染控制策略（CCS）的設計和性能驗證保持一致，設施能夠確保從設計確認到日常運營和定期審查的全面污染控制生命周期。

 

Conclusion

小結

 

HACCP serves as a powerful, structured risk management tool for mitigating microbial and particulate contamination in aseptic filling operations. It provides a framework that not only meets regulatory expectations under Annex 1 but also strengthens alignment with a facility’s CCS.

HACCP 是一個強大的、結構化的風險管理工具，可用于降低無菌分裝操作中的微生物和微粒污染風險。它提供的框架不僅滿足GMP的監(jiān)管要求，還加強了與設施污染控制策略（CCS）的一致性。

 

That said, HACCP is not a simple or quick fix. It is a time-consuming, detail-intensive, and often tedious process that requires deep process knowledge, cross-functional collaboration, and structured brainstorming. From hazard identification to CCP verification, the effectiveness of HACCP depends entirely on how thoughtfully it is designed and implemented. A rushed or superficial exercise may yield little value, whereas a well-executed HACCP plan can profoundly enhance contamination control.

話雖如此，HACCP 并非一個簡單或快速的解決方案。它是一個耗時、注重細節(jié)且往往繁瑣的過程，需要深厚的工藝知識、跨職能協作和結構化的頭腦風暴。從危害識別到關鍵控制點（CCP）驗證，HACCP 的有效性完全取決于其設計和實施的周密程度。倉促或表面化的實施可能收效甚微，而一個執(zhí)行良好的 HACCP 計劃則能顯著加強污染控制。

 

When applied diligently and integrated with the PQS, HACCP enables facilities to:

當認真實施并與藥品質量體系（PQS）整合時，HACCP 使設施能夠：

 

Deliver consistent product quality

提供一致的產品質量

 

Ensure patient safety

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Maintain regulatory compliance

維持合規(guī)性

 

Moreover, by reducing batch failures, contamination-related recalls and regulatory risks, HACCP contributes to business resilience and long-term cost savings. In essence, a better HACCP process results in better outcomes—for the patient and the organization alike.

此外，通過減少批次失敗、與污染相關的召回和監(jiān)管風險，HACCP 有助于提高業(yè)務韌性并實現長期成本節(jié)約。本質上，更完善的 HACCP 過程會帶來更好的結果 —— 無論是對患者還是對公司而言。