?用一個金剛石圓錐（HRC）或經(jīng)硬化的（鎢）鋼球壓頭（HRB等），以10kgf的預(yù)載荷和60, 100, 或 150kgf的主試驗力壓入被測材料表面。
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond cone (HRC) orhardened (tungsten) steel ball indentor (HRB etc.)applying a preload of 10kgffirst and a main test force of 60kgf, 100kgf, or150kgf.
依據(jù)設(shè)定的標(biāo)尺，用一個金剛石圓錐或經(jīng)硬化的（鎢）鋼球壓頭壓入被測材料表面。表面洛氏測量應(yīng)用的力值較小，產(chǎn)生的壓痕較淺，多用于相對易碎和很薄的材料中。預(yù)載荷為3kgf，主試驗力為15, 30, 或45kgf。
Rockwell Superficial (HR scales)Indenting the test materialwith a diamond cone orhardened (tungsten) steel ball indentor, depending onthe scale
preliminary set. The Superficial Rockwell scales use lower force andshallowerimpressions on brittle and very thin materials.Applying a preload of 3kgffirst and a main test force of15kgf, 30kgf, or 45kgf.
以1-120kgf的試驗力，將相對面夾角為136°的方錐形金剛石壓頭壓入被測材料表面。壓痕則應(yīng)用顯微鏡或USB攝像頭來進(jìn)行視頻觀測及測量。
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond indentor, inthe form of an inverted perfect pyramid with asquare base and an angle of 136degrees between opposite faces, subjected totest forces of 1kgf to 120kgf.A microscope or USB camerais used to visualize andmeasure the indentation.
通常以不超過1kgf的試驗力，將相對面夾角為136°的方錐形金剛石壓頭壓入被測材料表面。壓痕則應(yīng)用精密顯微鏡或高分辨率的USB攝像頭來進(jìn)行視頻觀測及測量。600x的放大倍數(shù)是最常見的，1000x的放大倍數(shù)正愈加被廣泛的應(yīng)用。
Indenting the test materialwith a diamond indentor, inthe form of an inverted perfect pyramid with asquare base and an angle of 136degrees between opposite faces, subjected totest forces usually not exceeding1kgf.A precision microscope orhigh resolution USB camera isused to visualize and measure the indentations,
magnifications up to 600x are most common. However, magnifications up to1000xare becoming popular as well.
通常以不超過1kgf的試驗力，將細(xì)長的金剛石椎體壓入被測材料表面。壓痕則應(yīng)用精密顯微鏡或高分辨率的USB攝像頭來進(jìn)行視頻觀測及測量。
Indenting the test materialwith a “elongated” diamondpyramid, subjected to test forces usually notexceeding 1kgf.A precision microscope orhigh resolution USB camera isused to visualize and measure the indentations,magnifications up to 600x aremost common.
以1 - 3000kgf的試驗力，將直徑分別為1, 2.5, 5或10mm的硬質(zhì)合金球或碳化鋼球壓入被測材料表面。相對大的壓痕則應(yīng)用顯微鏡或USB攝像頭來進(jìn)行視頻觀測及測量。
Indenting the to be testedmaterial with a 1, 2.5, 5, or10mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ballsubjected to a load/force rangingfrom 1kg to 3000kg. A microscope or USBcamera is used to visualize and measurethe rather large
indentations.
便攜式硬度測試。它是用一定質(zhì)量的裝有碳化鎢球頭的沖擊體，在一定彈簧彈力的作用下沖擊試件表面，這種沖擊力使被測材料表面產(chǎn)生了塑性變形，形成了一個壓痕,隨之沖擊體失去了原有的速度（或能量）。因此，被測材料越柔軟，沖擊體在回彈過程中失去的速度就越多。里氏硬度可以應(yīng)用于多種零件，需要遵守的測試要求也很少。
Leeb (HL) (rebound method)Portable hardness testing.An impact body which has aspherical tungsten carbide tip,is impelled onto the test surface by springforce.The impact creates aplastic deformation of the surface,an indentation, due to which the impact bodyloses part of its original speed(or energy). Consequently, the softer thematerial is, the more speed will belost at rebound of the impact body.Applicable for a widevariety of components, minimum testrequirements should be obeyed.
便攜式硬度測試。一個維氏形狀的金剛石壓頭固定在一個震蕩棒上，以一定的力值加于被測材料表面，然后根據(jù)超音波振動，分析它的阻尼效應(yīng)，從而測量材料的硬度值。超聲波硬度測試多用于較小，較薄而無法用回彈硬度試驗儀所測試的零件。
Portable hardness testing.A Vickers shaped diamondindentor fixed on a vibrating rodthat presses on the test surface with aspecific force and then measures itshardness by applying ultrasonic vibrationsand analyzing its damping effect.Commonly used for small,thin components that cannot betested by rebound hardness testers.
便攜式（橡膠/塑料制品）硬度測試。邵氏硬度是用具有一定形狀的鋼制壓針，在試驗力作用下垂直壓入試樣表面﹐當(dāng)壓足表面與試樣表面完全貼合時﹐壓針尖端面相對壓足平面有一定的伸出長度(即壓針扎進(jìn)被測物的深度)，以該長度值的大小來表示邵氏硬度的大小。壓針與線性測量設(shè)備相連，測量的壓痕深度值隨之通過機械或電子系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換為邵氏硬度值。壓痕越深，材料越軟。
Portable (rubber/plastics)hardness testing.The hardness value isdetermined by pressing the indentorfoot firmly onto the sample. The indentoris connected to a linear measuringdevice and measures the indent depth whichis then converted through amechanical or an electronical system to the Shore value.The deeper the indent,the softer the material.
根據(jù)球壓頭壓入被測材料的深度，來測量彈性材料或橡膠抵抗壓頭壓入的性能。在1、2.5或5mm球壓頭上施加一個初始接觸力，將壓入深度設(shè)置為零。然后增加力值到指定的總負(fù)荷，這時測量材料壓入的深度值。IRHD值與壓頭壓入的深度有關(guān)系。該測量方法通常被應(yīng)用于測試較小的部件和O型環(huán)。
Measures the indentationresistance of elastomeric orrubber materials based on the depth of penetrationof a ball indentor.An initial contact force isapplied to a 1, 2.5 or 5mmball indentor and the penetration is set to zero.
The force is increased to a specified total load and the depth ofthepenetration is measured. The IRHD value is related to the depth ofindentorpenetration.The method is commonly usedfor testing small parts andO-rings.
把被測材料放置在工作臺和穿透器之間。然后再向把手處施力直到感覺到已經(jīng)觸到了底，這時千分表便有了讀數(shù)。韋氏硬度有不同種類的壓頭，針對不同材料有不同的力值設(shè)定。
Portable hardness testing.The object to be tested isplaced between the anvil andthe penetrator.Pressure is then applied tothe handles until “bottom” isfelt, at which time the dial indicator is read.There are different typesof indentors and different forcesettings for different materials.
以下的硬度測試方式是不常用的或是已經(jīng)被其他方法所代替的：• HM 馬頓斯硬度（壓痕測試裝置，之前用HU表示-通用硬度）• HVT 改進(jìn)的維氏硬度測試方法，深度測量• HBT 改進(jìn)的布氏硬度測試方法，深度測量
Less common hardness scalesThe following hardnessmethods are less frequently used orsuperseded by other methods:
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HM Martens(instrumented indentation testing,formerly HU –universal hardness)
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H Ball indentation hardness
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HVT Modified Vickers method, depthmeasurement
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HBT Modified Brinell method, depthmeasurement
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BARCOL Impressionhardness
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