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美國(guó)加強(qiáng)對(duì)光刻、蝕刻和HBM存儲(chǔ)器的出口管制

嘉峪檢測(cè)網(wǎng)        2024-12-03 10:23

美國(guó)政府加強(qiáng)了對(duì)人工智能芯片技術(shù)以及高速HBM存儲(chǔ)器的出口管制。

 

美國(guó)商務(wù)部的規(guī)定包括對(duì) 24 種半導(dǎo)體制造設(shè)備和 3 種用于開發(fā)或生產(chǎn)半導(dǎo)體的軟件工具實(shí)施新的出口管制,以及對(duì)高帶寬存儲(chǔ)器(HBM)實(shí)施新的管制。

 

美國(guó)商務(wù)部工業(yè)與安全局(BIS)宣布的一攬子規(guī)則明確旨在打擊中國(guó)生產(chǎn)可用于下一代先進(jìn)武器系統(tǒng)、人工智能(AI)和先進(jìn)計(jì)算的先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)半導(dǎo)體的能力。

 

美國(guó)還將 140 個(gè)實(shí)體列入從掌握關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的小公司購買技術(shù)的組織名單。

 

新的管制措施將于今年年底生效,管制對(duì)象為生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路所需的半導(dǎo)體制造設(shè)備,包括某些蝕刻、沉積、光刻、離子注入、退火、計(jì)量和檢測(cè)以及清潔工具。這包括用于硅通孔 (TSV) 的設(shè)備以及除鉬和釕之外的低電阻 2D 材料設(shè)備,這些材料正計(jì)劃用于 2nm 以下芯片工藝技術(shù)。

 

對(duì)于開發(fā)或生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路的軟件工具也施加了額外的控制,包括提高先進(jìn)機(jī)器生產(chǎn)率或允許不太先進(jìn)的機(jī)器生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)芯片的軟件。

 

HBM 管制適用于美國(guó)制造的存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備(由 Micro Technology 制造),以及根據(jù)先進(jìn)計(jì)算外國(guó)直接產(chǎn)品 (FDP) 規(guī)則受出口限制的外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的 HBM。根據(jù)新的許可例外,某些 HBM 將有資格獲得授權(quán)。

 

BIS 正在實(shí)施多項(xiàng)監(jiān)管措施,包括但不限于:

 

一、對(duì)生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路所需的半導(dǎo)體制造設(shè)備實(shí)施新控制,包括某些蝕刻、沉積、光刻、離子注入、退火、計(jì)量和檢查以及清潔工具。(New controls on semiconductor manufacturing equipment needed to produce advanced-node integrated circuits, including certain etch, deposition, lithography, ion implantation, annealing, metrology and inspection, and cleaning tools)

 

按照美國(guó)規(guī)定,如果邏輯芯片使用非平面晶體管架構(gòu),后者使用14/16nm或者更小的工藝,當(dāng) DRAM 集成電路的存儲(chǔ)單元面積小于 0.0019 平方微米 (µm2) 或存儲(chǔ)密度大于每平方毫米 0.288 千兆位時(shí),當(dāng)NAND超過128層,該集成電路符合“先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路(先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn) IC)”的定義。

 

二、對(duì)開發(fā)或生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路的軟件工具實(shí)施新控制,包括某些可提高先進(jìn)機(jī)器生產(chǎn)率或允許較不先進(jìn)的機(jī)器生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)芯片的軟件。(New controls on software tools for developing or producing advanced-node integrated circuits, including certain software that increases the productivity of advanced machines or allows less-advanced machines to produce advanced chips.)

 

三、對(duì)高帶寬內(nèi)存 (HBM) 實(shí)施新控制。HBM 對(duì)大規(guī)模 AI 訓(xùn)練和推理都至關(guān)重要,是先進(jìn)計(jì)算集成電路 (IC) 的關(guān)鍵組件。新控制適用于美國(guó)原產(chǎn)的 HBM 以及根據(jù)先進(jìn)計(jì)算外國(guó)直接產(chǎn)品 (FDP) 規(guī)則受 EAR 約束的外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的 HBM。根據(jù)新的 HBM 許可例外,某些 HBM 將有資格獲得授權(quán)。(New controls on high-bandwidth memory (HBM). HBM is critical to both AI training and inference at scale and is a key component of advanced computing integrated circuits(ICs). The new controls apply to U.S.-origin HBM as well as foreign-produced HBM subject to the EAR under the advanced computing Foreign Direct Product (FDP) rule.Certain HBM will be eligible for authorization under new License Exception HBM.)

 

在HBM方面,根據(jù)新的 3A090.c,本 IFR 將管制“內(nèi)存帶寬密度”大于每平方毫米 (mm) 每秒 2 GB 的 HBM。當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)的所有 HBM 堆棧都超過了此閾值。(Under new 3A090.c, this IFR will control HBM having a ‘memory bandwidth density’ greater than 2 GB per second per square millimeter (mm). All HBM stacks currently inproduction exceed this threshold.)

 

四、實(shí)體名單新增 140 家實(shí)體,并作出 14 項(xiàng)修改,包括半導(dǎo)體工廠、工具公司和投資公司。(Addition of 140 entities to the Entity List, in addition to 14 modifications, including semiconductor fabs, tool companies, and investment companies that are acting at the behest of Beijing to further the PRC’s advanced chip goals which pose a risk to U.S. and allied national security.)

 

五、制定兩項(xiàng)新的外國(guó)直接產(chǎn)品 (FDP) 規(guī)則和相應(yīng)的最低限度規(guī)定:(Establishment of two new Foreign Direct Product (FDP) rules and corresponding de minimis provisions:)

 

1、半導(dǎo)體制造設(shè)備 (SME) FDP:如果“知悉”外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的商品運(yùn)往澳門或 D:5 國(guó)家組(包括中國(guó))的目的地,則擴(kuò)大對(duì)特定外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的 SME 和相關(guān)物品的管轄權(quán)。(Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment (SME) FDP: Extends jurisdiction over specified foreign-produced SME and related items if there is “knowledge” that the foreign-produced commodity is destined to Macau or a destination in Country Group D:5, including the PRC.)

 

2、腳注 5 (FN5) FDP:如果“知悉”實(shí)體名單上的或被列入 FN5 指定實(shí)體名單的實(shí)體參與某些活動(dòng),則擴(kuò)大對(duì)特定外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的 SME 和相關(guān)物品的管轄權(quán)。此類實(shí)體被列入實(shí)體名單,是因?yàn)閷?shí)體名單配套規(guī)則中所述的特定國(guó)家安全或外交政策問題。(Footnote 5 (FN5) FDP: Extends jurisdiction over specified foreign-produced SME and related items if there is “knowledge” of certain involvement by an entity on or added to the Entity List with a FN5 designation. Such entities are being designated on the Entity List for specific national security or foreign policy concerns described in the Entity List companion rule, such as these entities’ involvement in supporting the PRC’s military modernization through the PRC’s attempts to produce advanced-node semiconductors, including for military end uses.)

 

3、最低限度:擴(kuò)大對(duì)上述 FDP 規(guī)則中所述的特定外國(guó)生產(chǎn)的 SME 和相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的管轄范圍,這些項(xiàng)目包含任何數(shù)量的美國(guó)原產(chǎn)集成電路。(De minimis: Extends jurisdiction over specified foreign-produced SME and related items described in the above FDP rules that contain any amount of U.S.-origin integrated circuits.)

 

六、新的軟件和技術(shù)控制,包括對(duì)電子計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) (ECAD) 和技術(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) (TCAD) 軟件和技術(shù)的限制,當(dāng)“知道”這些項(xiàng)目將用于設(shè)計(jì)將在澳門或國(guó)家組 D:5 的目的地生產(chǎn)的先進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)集成電路時(shí)。(New software and technology controls, including restrictions on Electronic Computer Aided Design (ECAD) and Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) software and technology when there is “knowledge” that such items will be used for the design of advanced-node integrated circuits to be produced in Macau or a destination in Country Group D:5.)

 

七、向 EAR 澄清有關(guān)軟件密鑰的現(xiàn)有控制。出口管制現(xiàn)在適用于允許訪問特定硬件或軟件的使用或續(xù)訂現(xiàn)有軟件和硬件使用許可證的軟件密鑰的出口、再出口或轉(zhuǎn)讓(國(guó)內(nèi))。(Clarification to the EAR regarding existing controls on software keys. Export controls now apply to the export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) of software keys that allow access to the use of specific hardware or software or renewal of existing software and hardware use licenses.)

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來源:eenews

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